Program to accepting
and displaying numbers in reverse order */
Program
#include<stdio.h>
#define N 10
void main()
{
int a[N], k;
for(k = 0; k < N;
k++)
{
printf("\nEneter
The Element For a[%d] : ", k);
scanf("%d",
&a[k]);
}
printf("\nWriting
The Numbers in the Reverse Order...Please Wait...\n");
for(k = N - 1; k
>= 0; k--)
printf("\nThe
Element in Index a[%d] = %d", k, a[k]);
}
Handling Strings and
Characters in Arrays
A STRING is an ARRAY
of CHARACTERS.
In ‘C’ a STRING is
defined as a GROUP of COLLECTED CHARACTERS in
between DOUBLE
QUOTATION MARKS.
Example: “This is
Sample String”
DOUBLE QUOTATION
marks do not form part of the character string.
A STRING can be of
ANY LENGTH, hence the end of the string is marked with
the SINGLE CHARACTER
‘\0’, which is termed as NULL CHARACTER, having
the ASCII value of
ZERO.
The declaration of a
STRING is similar to the NUMERIC ARRAY.
Syntax:
char
<array-name>[size];
Example:
char MyString[8] =
“COLLEGE” ;
Every STRING must be
TERMINATED by a NULL, hence any STRING must be
defined in such a way
that it can hold one BYTE LARGER THAN THE LARGEST
STRING, to make a
room for the NULL.
A STRING can be
initialized at the time of array declaration or using a loop
in the program.
If the number of
characters in the string exceed the maximum size, the
string is truncated.
If the number of
characters in the string are less than the maximum size,
then the compiler
allocates the NULL character at the first empty element
of the string.
Functions used in
INPUT and OUTPUT of strings:
scanf() Function
It is used to accept
strings from the keyboard.
The format specifiers
used are “%s” or “%nc ”
“ % ne ” is used for
inputting a string, until the n’th character in keyed
while using scanf(),
spaces cannot be embedded into the STRING.
Example: INPUT :
“This is Sample String”
OUTPUT : THIS
Scanf () function
cannot be used to input white spaces, hence the only
operation it can
perform is on continuious string.
printf() Function
It is used to display
the strings.
→the format
specifiers used to print a string is “%s” OR “%n.ds”.
1. n →specifies the
field width to be displayed
2. d →specifies that
only first ‘d’ character of the string have to be
displayed.
It can also print the
white spaces.
Prints character by
character and terminates the display when the NULL
character is
encountered.
gets() Function
It is a function to
accept strings from the standard input device.
It can take spaces as
input from the keyboard.
Syntax:
char string [10];
gets(string);
puts() Function
It is a function to
display the strings on to the standard output device.
Automatically puts a
new line character ‘\n’ after display of each string.
Can handle only one
string at a time.
Initializing a
character array, accept string into it and display.
Program
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char string[25];
printf("\nEnter
The Data : ");
scanf
("%s", string);
printf
("\n%s", string);
fflush(stdin);
puts("\nEnter
Data Again : ");
gets(string);
puts("The String
is : ");
puts(string);
}
To read a line of
text
Program
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char string[81], ch;
int k = 0;
while((ch = getch())
!= '\r')
{
if (ch >=
'a'&& ch <= 'z')
ch = ch - 32;
printf("%c",
ch);
string[k++] = ch;
if (k > 80)
{
string[k] = '\0';
break;
}
}
}
To find length of a
string
Program
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int k;
char string[81];
printf("\nEnter
Your Data...\n");
scanf("%s",
string);
printf("\nProcessing
The String...");
for (k = 0; string[k]
!= '\0'; k++);
printf ("\nThe
Length of %s is %d", string, k);
}
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