Character Handling
Functions
getch().
getche().
putchar().
I. getch() Function:
It gets a character
from the console.
It does not wait
until user presses enter key.
The pressed character
is not Echoed.
Returns the pressed
character.
Syntax:
int getch(void)
Program
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char ch;
ch = getch();
printf("%c",
ch);
}
II. getche()
Function:
It gets a character
from the console.
It will not wait
until user presses enter key
The pressed character
is Echoed.
Returns the pressed
character.
It uses the direct
Video or BIOS.
Syntax:
int getche(void)
Program
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char ch;
ch = getche();
printf("%c",
ch);
}
III. putchar ():
It place sthe character
into the screen
Program
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char ch;
ch = getchar();
putchar(ch);
}
IV. scanf() Function:
scanf() is a function
which scans data of various types.
scanf() returns
number of variables scanned.
It Expects a
delimiter for termination.
It can be Nested with
other Functions.
Example :
printf(“%d”, scanf(“%d%d”, &x, &y));
Program
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x, y, z;
printf(“Please Enter
the Values for x and y : “);
z = scanf(“%d%d”,
&x, &y);
printf(“\nThe Value
of x = %d and y = %d.\n” , x, y);
printf(“The Number of
Variables Scanned are %d.”, z);
}
Some Experiment to
Conduct:
Program
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x, y;
printf(“Please Enter
the Values for x and y : “);
printf(“The Number of
Variables Scanned are %d.”, scanf(“%d%d”, &x, &y));
}
Case 1:
Enter the two numbers
one after the other by pressing the enter key each
time.
Example:
20 (press enter key)
50 (press enter key)
The Values are
Scanned By scanf() Function and Returns The Number of
Scanned Values as 2
to the printf() Function.
Case 2:
Enter one number and
press enter key and then press ctrl+z (^Z) and press
enter key.
Example:
20 (press enter key)
^Z (press enter key)
The Values are
Scanned By scanf() Function and Returns The Number of
Scanned Values as 1
to the printf() Function.
Case 3:
Enter the ctrl+z and
press enter key.
Example:
^z (press enter key)
The Value is Scanned
By scanf() Function and Returns The Number of
Scanned Values as -1
to the printf() Function.
V. printf() Function:
printf() function is a function which not only prints the
messages and data
onto the screen, but also returns number of bytes
printed on to the
console.
Example: printf(“%d”,
printf(‘Hello”));
Innermost printf()
prints Hello as output.
Outer Most printf()
Prints the length of Hello as 5 bytes.
NOTE
Whenever a function
‘call’ exists in the condition part of the control structure
the value returned by
the function is compared for analysis.
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